Ecology Summary - Merluccius merluccius

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นิเวศวิทยาของ Merluccius merluccius

อ้างอิงหลัก	Svetovidov, A.N., 1986
ข้อสังเกต	Juveniles are found in deep waters (<17cm) and move to coastal waters where they display an average length of (33 cm length). Longer individuals are found in nursery areas where they feed and grow then move to deeper areas to spawn (Ref. 56328). Found in shoals, in deep water in winter and more inshore in summer. Feed almost entirely on fish, in deep water blue whiting, in summer whiting, Norway pout, and herring (Ref. 4772). Small juveniles prey on small crustaceans (euphausiids, natantian decapods and mysids), while fish assume an increasing importance in the diet with increasing size of hake (Ref. 53691). Feeding intensity was significantly correlated with phytoplankton pigment concentrations (ppc) (Ref. 53691). Cannibalism increases with age, notably in the northern part of the bay of Biscay and in Celtic Sea (Ref. 56328).

อ้างอิงหลัก

Svetovidov, A.N., 1986

ข้อสังเกต

Juveniles are found in deep waters (<17cm) and move to coastal waters where they display an average length of (33 cm length). Longer individuals are found in nursery areas where they feed and grow then move to deeper areas to spawn (Ref. 56328). Found in shoals, in deep water in winter and more inshore in summer. Feed almost entirely on fish, in deep water blue whiting, in summer whiting, Norway pout, and herring (Ref. 4772). Small juveniles prey on small crustaceans (euphausiids, natantian decapods and mysids), while fish assume an increasing importance in the diet with increasing size of hake (Ref. 53691). Feeding intensity was significantly correlated with phytoplankton pigment concentrations (ppc) (Ref. 53691). Cannibalism increases with age, notably in the northern part of the bay of Biscay and in Celtic Sea (Ref. 56328).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	ปากแม่น้ำ/บึงน้ำกร่อย/ทะเลน้ำกร่อย mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds ถ้ำ อย่างเดียว,โดยเฉพาะ

Highighted items on the list are where Merluccius merluccius may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

อ้างอิง
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

การให้อาหาร

วิธีการให้อาหาร	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Hickling, C.F., 1927
นิสัยในการกินอาหาร	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Svetovidov, A.N., 1986

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	ตัวอย่างดั้งเดิม		ประชากรที่ยังไม่มีการทำการประมง		ข้อสังเกต
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	ข้อสังเกต
จากส่วนประกอบของอาหาร	4.42		4.38	0.76	Troph of adults from 1 study.
จากรายการอาหารของสัตว์แต่ละชนิด	4.43	1.05			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
อ้างอิง	Bozzano, A., L. Recasens and P. Sartor, 1997

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cfm script by eagbayani, , php script by rolavides, 2/5/2008 , ปรับปรุงครั้งสุดท้ายโดย mbactong, 10/24/19