Thông tin chủ yếu | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
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Các chú thích | Euryhaline species (Ref. 12743). Juveniles and young adults occur in mangrove estuaries, the lower reaches of freshwater streams (Refs. 30573, 48635, 44894, 9773) and tidal creeks (Ref. 44894). Adults are often found in groups around coral reefs (Refs. 9710, 9773). Eventually migrate offshore to deeper reef areas, sometimes penetrating to depths in excess of 100 m. Mainly nocturnal, feed mostly on fishes and crustaceans (Refs. 55, 127989, 9773). Habitat frequently consists of areas of abundant shelter in the form of caves or overhanging ledges. Carnivorous predator (Resf. 57615, 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Tài liệu tham khảo | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Dạng thức ăn | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Nơi ăn mồi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Estimation method | Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc) | Chủng quần không được khai thác | Chú thích | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng | 3.58 | 0.49 | 3.64 | 0.67 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
Từ các loại thức ăn | 3.85 | 0.64 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Tài liệu tham khảo | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 |