ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
---|---|
ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Found frequently in lakes, ponds, reservoirs and sluggish streams; occurs primarily in reservoirs in Hawaii; preferably lives in deep weed beds. Is active mainly during dusk and dawn. Adults feed upon snails, small crayfish, insects, worms and small minnows. Young feed on crustaceans, insects and worms. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | vegetation |
Special habitats Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 |
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Jenkins, R.E. and N.M. Burkhead, 1993 |
Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 3.24 | 0.16 | 3.19 | 0.41 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.53 | 0.55 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Kowalski, R., J. Glogowski, D. Kucharczyk, K. Goryczko, S. Dobosz and A. Ciereszko, 2003 |