Main Ref. | Clarke, T.A., 1980 |
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Remarks | Oceanic, epipelagic to mesopelagic (Ref. 4066). Found between 475 to over 900 m during the day and between 100-500 m at night (Ref. 4066). Maximum abundance found between 300-500 m at night. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Clarke, T.A., 1980 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Hopkins, T.L., T.T. Sutton and T.M. Lancraft, 1996 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.12 | 0.28 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |