Main Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
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Remarks | Tightly packed schools occur along the reef margin of rocky shorelines, from just below the breaking surf to a depth of a few meters, entering estuaries and freshwater. Schools found in caves and in surge channels (Ref. 9710). Feed on free-swimming crustaceans and small fishes at night (Ref. 5213). Utilized fresh or dried salted (Ref. 7271). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.83 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |