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Ecology of Etmopterus spinax
 
Main Ref. Greenstreet, S.P.R., 1996
Remarks Demersal piscivore (Ref. 12223).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Etmopterus spinax may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic: demersal;
Substrate Ref. Başusta, N., 2016
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Compagno, L.J.V., 1984
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 4.14 0.24 3.72 0.46 Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies.
From individual food items 4.24 0.58 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref. Cortés, E., 1999
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. oophagy)
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