Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
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Remarks | Inhabits rocky bottoms (Ref. 30573) of the continental shelf and continental slope (Ref. 75154). Feeds on small fishes, squids and crustaceans (Ref. 30573). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.42 | 0.22 | 4.46 | 0.75 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.15 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Haight, W.R., J.D. Parrish and T.A. Hayes, 1993 |