ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Steene, R.C., 1978 |
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ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 4.35 | 0.17 | 3.26 | 0.47 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.47 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Sano, M., 1989 |