主要參考文獻 | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 |
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附註 | Forms dense schools, often in shallow waters close to shore (but recorded down to 70 m); euryhaline (from hypersaline to almost fresh). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
參考文獻 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 |
攝取食物的習慣 | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | 3.34 | 3.22 | 0.25 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
從個別的食物項目 | 3.25 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |