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Ballerus sapa (Pallas, 1814)

White-eye bream
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Image of Ballerus sapa (White-eye bream)
Ballerus sapa
Female picture by Otel, V.


Ukraine country information

Common names: Beloglazka, Klepets
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Movchan, Y.V. and A.I. Smirnov, 1983
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology:   More on author: Pallas.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

; süßwasser; brackwasser benthopelagisch.   Temperate; 10°C - 25°C (Ref. 13614); 65°N - 45°N, 12°E - 69°E

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Europe and Asia: large rivers draining to Black, Azov, Caspian and Aral Seas. Introduced or native to Northern Dvina drainage (White Sea basin) where it is presently spreading from warmer upper reaches (Vychegda system) northward. Introduced in River Volkhov (a tributary of Lake Ladoga), in Rhine in 1995 and invasive in Vistula drainage, coming from Black Sea basin through Prypet-Bug canal (connecting Dniepr and Vistula drainages).

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 27368); common length : 15.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 556)

Kurzbeschreibung Morphologie | Morphometrie

Differs from Ballerus ballerus by having small and inferior mouth, 47-54 scales on lateral line, and large eye, about equal to snout length (Ref. 59043).

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Occurs in fast flowing rivers. Eastern, brackish populations enter the lower reach of rivers for spawning (Ref. 1441). Inhabit large lowland rivers and estuaries. Active at night. Prey on benthic invertebrates. Semi-anadromous populations forage in large brackish-water habitats in estuaries around Black Sea. Spawn in large aggregations in fast-flowing water on gravel bottom or submerged vegetation. Usually rare and threatened due to water pollution (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

Spawn in large aggregations in fast flowing water on gravel bottom or submerged vegetation. Semi-anadromous individuals begin spawning migration in November in Kura (Ref. 59043). Sticky eggs attach themselves to stones or plants (Ref. 9953).

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Harmless




Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kleinfischerei
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00558 - 0.01634), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  2.9   ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (tm=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.