Common names from other countries
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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Grammatorcynus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, rhyngchos = snout.
More on author: Rüppell.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 15 - 50 m (Ref. 86942). 亞熱帶的; 31°N - 25°S, 32°E - 175°W (Ref. 168)
Indian Ocean: Red Sea eastward to the Andaman Sea. Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to the northern coasts of Australia, including the Marshall Islands and Fiji. Often confused in the literature with Grammatorcynus bicarinatus.
印度洋: 紅海向東至安達曼海。 西太平洋: 琉球群島到澳洲的北海岸, 包括馬紹爾群島與斐濟。 時常在文獻中與 Grammatorcynus bicarinatus 混淆了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 41.5, range 40 - 43 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9684); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 3.5 kg (Ref. 168)
背棘 (总数) : 11 - 13; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 14; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 14. Mouth relatively small, upper jaw reaching about to middle of eye. Pectoral fins stout. Interpelvic process short and single. No prominent anterior corselet present. Swim bladder present. Vertebrae 14 precaudal plus 17 caudal, total 31 as in mackerel (Scomber and Rastrelliger).
嘴相当小的, 上颌对眼的中央大约达到。 胸鳍矮胖的。 腹鳍间的突起短与单个。 没有突出的前面甲胄呈现。 有泳鳔。 脊椎骨 14 尾前椎加上 17 尾部的, 总计 31 当在鲭 ( Scomber 与 Rastrelliger) 中.
Inhabits open water but often seen swimming near outer reef walls or deep clear-water slopes (Ref. 48637). Found mostly in shallow reef waters where it forms large schools. Feeds on crustaceans and fishes, particularly clupeoids (Sardinella, Thrissocles), and other fishes such as Sphyraena and Balistes. Marketed canned and frozen (Ref. 9684). Its flesh is mild and pleasantly flavored, but brushed with lemon juice prior to cooking to remove the ammonia-like smell (Ref. 9684).
栖息于开放水域但是时常见到游近外围礁石墙壁或深的清澈水域斜坡.(参考文献 48637) 大部分发现于了水浅的礁水域在那里它形成大群鱼群。 吃甲壳动物和鱼类, 特别地鲱鱼 ( 沙丁鱼 与 Thrissocles), 也其他的鱼例如 Sphyraena 与 Balistes. 在市场上销售罐装及冷冻.(参考文献 9684) 它的肉是味道淡且令人欣赏的, 但是在煮除去像氨一样的味道之前抹上柠檬汁.(参考文献 9684)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度洋: 紅海向東至安達曼海。 西太平洋: 琉球群島到澳洲的北海岸, 包括馬紹爾群島與斐濟。 時常在文獻中與 Grammatorcynus bicarinatus 混淆了。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 25.6 - 29.1, mean 28.2 (based on 632 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00464 - 0.01966), b=3.05 (2.88 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).