South Africa country information

Common names: Bottlenose skate, Spearnose skate, Spiesneus-rog
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: van der Elst, R., 1993
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: restricted | Ref: van der Elst, R., 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Occurs througout the coast. Found on shallow, sandy bottoms off the Cape coast; close inshore in intertidal and subtidal in shallow bays in the western Cape; and at depths of 30 to 366 m depth in Natal. Caught by shore and skiboat anglers and commercial trawlers. Spearfishing of this species is illegal in Natal (Ref. 12484). Also Ref. 4426.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Ebert, D.A., S.P. Wintner and P.M. Kyne, 2021
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Raie blanche, Raya bramante, شِنين بحري بيضاء, ... more

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Rostroraja: Latin, rostrum = beak + Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien demersaal; diepte 30 - 600 m (Ref. 6808), usually 50 - 500 m (Ref. 26999). Subtropical; 56°N - 37°S, 19°W - 23°E

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic and southwest Indian Ocean (British Isles to Mozambique) and the Mediterranean Sea.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 11284); 202.0 cm TL (female)

Korte beschrijving Morfologie | Morfometrie

A giant skate with a broad-based, abruptly narrow-tipped snout covered with small, sharp thorns; pectoral disc angular, and no thorns on nape or back, but three rows of large thorns on tail (Ref. 5578). Larger immature and adult individuals grey with numerous small white spots above, underside white with no black pores; hatchlings plain reddish-brown above, often with blue spots, and white below with broad dusky grey margins on disc (Ref. 5578).

Inhabit shelf and slope waters (Ref. 4426). Found on sand and rock-sand bottom (Ref. 6808). A bottom-predator of bony fishes, other elasmobranchs, fish offal, crabs, shrimps, mysids, octopi, and cuttlefish (Ref. 5578). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 4426. Maximum length for female is 202 cm (Ref. 41333). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 12.5-18.3 cm long and 10.0-13.9 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 55-156 eggs are produced per individual annually (Ref. 41250).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Eggs are laid in huge cases and take up to 18 months to hatch (Ref. 5578). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : McEachran, John | Medewerkers

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Bedreigd (EN) (A2cd+4cd); Date assessed: 31 January 2006

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Traumatogenic (Ref. 5578)

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; sportvis: ja

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.8 - 17.5, mean 13.5 (based on 474 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00269 (0.00232 - 0.00313), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.83 se; based on food items.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Fec=55).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803)