Slovenia country information

Common names: Girica
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Gulf of Trieste
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/si.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Marceta, B., 1999
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Caramel, شذّام أو صِرْمِيص, 细鳞棒鲈, ... more

Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Spicara: Latin, spicare = furnished with spike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Issue
Placement in Sparidae from Centracanthidae from Santini et al. (2014:Ref. 95347). Suggestion already made in Garrido-Ramos et al. 1995; Hanel & Sturmbauer 2000; Summerer et al. 2001; Orrell et al. 2002; Orrell & Carpenter 2004; Chiba et al. 2009; Hanel & Tsigenopoulos 2011.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

морской; пределы глубины 15 - 328 m (Ref. 56504). Subtropical; 47°N - 20°N, 19°W - 42°E

распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | Point map | интродукции | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: entire Mediterranean, the Black Sea, southern Sea of Azov, and Atlantic coasts from Portugal to Morocco, including the Canary Islands and Madeira (Ref. 7349).

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: L_m 9.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.2 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 86700); common length : 14.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 3397); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 29.40 g (Ref. 86700)

Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия

This species is distinguished by the following characters: protractile premaxilla; head length equals and longer than body depth; lateral line scales 75 or more; a black spot on the body side above the pectoral fin; body gray above and silvery below; color varies with age, sex and season (Ref. 124120).

Depth range from 15-170 m but up to depth of 328 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Inhabit Posidonia beds and muddy bottoms. Occur in schools except during breeding (Ref. 7081).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки

Spawns on detritic sandy bottoms, where the nests are excavated. A brightly colored male actively guards each nest, while females and some males swim above the area. At the end of the incubation period, the males lose their coloration, group into large schools and move to feeding places (Ref. 7081). Also Ref. 103751.

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор | соавторы

Heemstra, P.C., 1990. Centracanthidae. p. 768-772. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7349)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)

Не вызывающий беспокойства (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Угроза для людей

Harmless

Использование человеком

рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; объект спортивного рыболовства: да

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дополнительная информация

Trophic ecology
пищевые объекты
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
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хищники

Ecology
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Population dynamics
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Length-weight rel.
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Размерный состав
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Recruitments
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Life cycle
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Maturities
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Egg(s)
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BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
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Otoliths

Physiology
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Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
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Genetics
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Human related
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Специальные отчеты

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Резюмирующая страница | Point data | народные названия | Фото

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 11.8 - 17.8, mean 14.4 (based on 162 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00999 - 0.01261), b=3.01 (2.98 - 3.04), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.

устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (K=0.15-3.07(?); tmax=7).

Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.89, Based on 2 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Категория цены (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758)