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Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Picarel
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Spicara smaris   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Spicara smaris
Picture by Patzner, R.


Slovenia country information

Common names: Girica
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Gulf of Trieste
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/si.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Marceta, B., 1999
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Spicara: Latin, spicare = furnished with spike (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Issue
Placement in Sparidae from Centracanthidae from Santini et al. (2014:Ref. 95347). Suggestion already made in Garrido-Ramos et al. 1995; Hanel & Sturmbauer 2000; Summerer et al. 2001; Orrell et al. 2002; Orrell & Carpenter 2004; Chiba et al. 2009; Hanel & Tsigenopoulos 2011.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; intervalo de profundidade 15 - 328 m (Ref. 56504).   Subtropical; 47°N - 20°N, 19°W - 42°E

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: entire Mediterranean, the Black Sea, southern Sea of Azov, and Atlantic coasts from Portugal to Morocco, including the Canary Islands and Madeira (Ref. 7349).

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm 9.1  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.2 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 86700); common length : 14.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3397); peso máx. Publicado: 29.40 g (Ref. 86700)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

This species is distinguished by the following characters: protractile premaxilla; head length equals and longer than body depth; lateral line scales 75 or more; a black spot on the body side above the pectoral fin; body gray above and silvery below; color varies with age, sex and season (Ref. 124120).

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

Depth range from 15-170 m but up to depth of 328 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Inhabit Posidonia beds and muddy bottoms. Occur in schools except during breeding (Ref. 7081).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Spawns on detritic sandy bottoms, where the nests are excavated. A brightly colored male actively guards each nest, while females and some males swim above the area. At the end of the incubation period, the males lose their coloration, group into large schools and move to feeding places (Ref. 7081). Also Ref. 103751.

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Heemstra, P.C., 1990. Centracanthidae. p. 768-772. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7349)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Preocupação menor (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

  Harmless




Utilização humana

Pescarias: pouco comercial; peixe desportivo: sim
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Mais informação

Trophic ecology
Itens alimentares
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predadores
Ecology
Ecologia
Home ranges
Life cycle
Reprodução
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvas
Dinâmica larvar
Distribution
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Áreas FAO
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Anatomy
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Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Tipo de natação
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Sons de peixes
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genética
Electrophoreses
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Human related
Aquaculture systems
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Referências

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Fontes da internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 11.8 - 17.8, mean 14.4 (based on 162 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5039   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00999 - 0.01261), b=3.01 (2.98 - 3.04), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.0   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.15-3.07(?); tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.89, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Medium.