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Scorpaena cardinalis Solander & Richardson, 1842

Eastern red scorpionfish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Scorpaena cardinalis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Scorpaena cardinalis (Eastern red scorpionfish)
Scorpaena cardinalis
Picture by Randall, J.E.


Kermadec Islands country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Francis, M.P., R.V. Grace and C.D. Paulin, 1987
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Found in L'Esperance Rock, Denham Bay, Meyer Island, Boat Cove, Stella Passage, Curtis Island (Ref. 89012), Macauley and SE/NE of Raoul Island (Ref. 28787). Also Ref. 45524, 75154, 89275, 89926, 8879.
National Checklist:
Country Information:
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Duffy, C.A.J. and S.T. Ahyong, 2015
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei (Scorpionfishes) > Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes or rockfishes) > Scorpaeninae
Etymology: Scorpaena: Latin, scorpaena = a kind of fish, 1706 (Ref. 45335).
  More on authors: Solander & Richardson.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 154 m (Ref. 93606).   溫帶

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Southwest Pacific: northern New Zealand and offshore islands of the Tasman Sea (Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs, New South Wales, Australia; not recorded from the coastal waters of Australian mainland).
西太平洋: 紐西蘭 (參考文獻 5755) 與澳洲。

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 93630); 最大年龄: 33 年 (Ref. 93630)

简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背的软条 (总数) : 8 - 9. This species is distinguished by the following set of characters: D 9 (8 rays in one specimen), with the 4th (rarely third) dorsal-fin spine longest; pectoral-fin rays 16-18 (mode 17); scale rows in longitudinal series 60-74 (68); pored lateral-line scales 23-25 (24); scales above lateral line 6-9 (8), below 21-26 (22); scale rows between 6th dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line 8 or 9 (9); scale rows between last dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line 8-11 (10); pre-dorsal scale rows 4-8 (6); gill rakers on upper limb 4-6 (5), lower limb 9-13 (12) [8-10 (9) and 1-4 (3) rakers on ceratohyal and hypobranchial, respectively], total rakers 14-18 (17); exposed cycloid scales covering pectoral-fin base and anteroventral surface of body (some scales covered by thin skin, especially in large adults); no longitudinal ridge on lateral surface of maxilla; lateral lacrimal spine with 2 spinous points; anterior lacrimal spine with 1-3 small spinous points on its posterior margin; posterior lacrima spine with 1-3 spinous points, directed posteroventraly throughout life; median interorbital ridge present; no coonal spines; occipital pit and supplement preopercular spine present; pterotic spine simple, smooth distally throughout life; space between upper and lower opercular spines covered by thin skin without sensory pores or canals; a few skin flaps or tentacles on anterodorsal surface of body; without a large black blotch on spinous portion of dorsal fin in both sexes; 2 large white blotches, their diameters subequal to pupil diameter, on caudal-fin base (Ref. 93606).

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabits rocks, crevices and caverns at all depths. Occasionally found in large rock pools in the lower littoral zone. Is nocturnally active and feeds mainly on small mobile benthic animals. Stalks its prey and swallows it whole (Ref. 26966).

根本栖息于岩石,裂隙与巨穴深度。 偶然地在下面的海滨区域中发现于大的岩石区潮池了。 夜行活跃而且主要捕食小的移动底栖的动物。 悄悄靠近它的猎物而且吞它全部。 (参考文献 26966)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

西太平洋: 紐西蘭 (參考文獻 5755) 與澳洲。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Motomura, H., C.D. Struthers, M.A. McGrouther and A.L. Stewart, 2011. Validity of Scorpaena jacksoniensis and a redescription of S. cardinalis, a senior synonym of S. cookii (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae). Ichthyol. Res. 58 (4):315-332. (Ref. 93606)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 March 2015

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的




人类利用

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 16 - 22.6, mean 17.6 (based on 56 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01778 (0.00696 - 0.04547), b=3.03 (2.81 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).