Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; amfidrom (Ref. 40808); djupintervall 0 - 75 m (Ref. 57178), usually 50 - 60 m (Ref. 51483). Subtropical; 5°C - 22°C (Ref. 13614); 43°N - 9°N, 79°W - 74°W (Ref. 57273)
Western Central Atlantic: Massachusetts to Florida, throughout the Gulf of Mexico, to Panama.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251); common length : 11.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 12193); rapporterad maxålder: 7 år (Ref. 51483)
Adults inhabit coastal waters. They also enter fresh waters, going hundreds of miles upstream. Migrate downstream to spawn in spring (Ref. 36739). Larvae move upstream after hatching (Ref. 36739). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: saknar intresse
Ytterligare information
referenserVattenbrukVattenbruksprofilAvelslinjerGenetikElectrophoresesÄrftlighetSjukdomarBehandlingMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 11.4 - 24.5, mean 17.2 (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00764 - 0.02276), b=3.07 (2.92 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tm=1; tmax=7; K=0.21(?)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).