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Squatina africana Regan, 1908

African angelshark
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Squatina africana   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Squatina africana (African angelshark)
Squatina africana
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Madagascar country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs off Madagascar (Ref. 5578). Also Ref. 33390, 128961.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ma.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) > Squatiniformes (Angel sharks) > Squatinidae (Angel sharks)
Etymology: Squatina: Latin for skate, which angel sharks superficially resemble, presumably tautonymous with Squalus squatina Linnaeus 1758 (no species mentioned). (See ETYFish);  africana: ana- (L.), belonging to: Africa, referring to distribution from South Africa to Mozambique, Tanzania and Madagascar. (See ETYFish).
  More on author: Regan.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade ? - 494 m (Ref. 5578), usually 60 - 300 m (Ref. 5578).   Subtropical; 4°S - 32°S

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: tropical and warm temperate waters from Tanzania to the eastern Cape coast of South Africa.

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm 91.5, range 90 - 93 cm
Max length : 84.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 128961); 108.0 cm TL (female)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

This medium-sized angel shark species (maximum size 122.0 or possibly 130.0 cm TL) posess the following characters: no median row of scute-like denticles on the trunk; anterior nasal flap has two lateral, elongate barbels and a medial rectangular barbel, the ventral margin of medial barbel is slightly fringed, but that of lateral barbels are almost smooth; posterior nasal flap without additional barblet; concave between eyes; pectoral-pelvic space 6.0-10.2% TL; pectoral-fin apex is angular; pelvic-fin free rear tips do not reach level of first dorsal-fin origin; tail moderately long, its length from cloaca 51.2-53.2% TL; pectoral fins are moderately long, length 31.8-35.6% TL; dorsal fins are not lobe-like; first dorsal-fin base is somewhat longer than second dorsal-fin base; caudal fin of adults with angular apices; monospondylous centra 46-49; diplosondylous precaudal centra 58-62; total precaudal centra 104-111; total vertebral centra 134-143; pectoral-fin skeleton is with propterygium articulating with three radials. Colouration: dorsal medium to dark brown, reddish-brown or grayish, with a variable pattern of numerous light and dark reddish spots and blotches, marbled with brownish reticulations and partially forming symmetrical dark bands or saddles (Ref. 128961).

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

Found on the continental shelf and uppermost slope, from the surf line close inshore to 494 m depth (Ref. 247). Feeds on bony fish, squid and octopus (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449), with about 7 to 11 young in a litter (Ref. 247). Largest juvenile males measured with clearly immature claspers are 45.3 cm TL (ZMH 26100) and 50.3 cm TL (MNHN-IC-1987-1265) while the largest female examined is 94.0 cm TL (SAIAB 187381) and possibly an adult; while small female specimens of 29.3 cm TL (ZMMU P-14844), 30.9 cm TL (ZMH 123064), and 38.5 cm TL (MNHN-IC-1988-0359) mm TL are clearly juvenile (Ref. 128961). Sometimes caught by surf anglers (Ref. 6588).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Ovoviviparous, with about 7 to 11 young in a litter. Size at birth between 28 and 34 cm. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Colaboradores

Weigmann, S., D.F.B. Vaz, K.V. Akhilesh, R.H. Leeney and G.J.P. Naylor, 2023. Revision of the western Indian ocean angel sharks, genus Squatina (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae), with description of a new species and redescription of the African angel shark Squatina africana Regan, 1908. Biology 2023, 12(77):975. (Ref. 128961)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Quase ameaçada (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 15 July 2017

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

  Traumatogenic




Utilização humana

Pescarias: pescarias de subsistência; peixe desportivo: sim
FAO(pescarias: perfil da espécie; publication : search) | FishSource |

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Fontes da internet

Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Consultar FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genoma, nucleotídeo) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Árvore da vida | Wikipedia(ir para, procurar) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Registo zoológico

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14 - 24.8, mean 18.2 (based on 68 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00258 - 0.00888), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  4.2   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  Muito baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Fec=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Medium.