Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; benthopelagic. Subtropical
Western Indian Ocean: Transkei, South Africa to Madagascar but reported as far south as Still Bay (west of Mossel Bay), South Africa.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5213); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6082); max. published weight: 1.7 kg (Ref. 4370)
Found in coastal waters and rivers. Feeds on mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Flesh of excellent quality (Ref. 6082).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes
More information
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsElectrophoresesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingMass conversion
Tools
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 19 - 26.3, mean 24.9 (based on 30 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00673 - 0.04093), b=3.01 (2.79 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).