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Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822)

Orange-spotted grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Epinephelus coioides   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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India country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Museum: MNHN 7289, 7288, A.7710; NMW 40924, 39457, 40923; RUSI 11413, 11407-8, 11410, 11379, 26040; BPBM 27509, 30596, 20591; SU 41928; ZMB 191. Nicobar Islands, SMF 16349. Also Ref. 4787, 6894.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Hamilton.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; खारा प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 1 - 100 m (Ref. 167).   Subtropical; 37°N - 34°S, 28°E - 180°E (Ref. 5222)

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea south to at least Durban, South Africa and eastward to Palau and Fiji, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and Australia. Recently reported from the Mediterranean coast of Israel (Ref. 5222). Frequently misidentified as Epinephelus tauvina or Epinephelus malabaricus (Ref. 27362).

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: Lm 41.3, range 25 - 30 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 47613); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 15.0 kg (Ref. 11228); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 22 वर्षो (Ref. 3627)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 11; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 13 - 16; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: elongated body with greatest body depth at 2.9-3.7 in SL (for specimens 10-78 cm SL); head length 2.3-2.6 in SL. interorbital width 5.0-6.2 in HL; preopercle with enlarged serrae at angle and a broad shallow notch just above angle; upper edge of operculum straight or somewhat convex; maxilla reaches to or slightly past a vertical at rear edge of eye; upper jaw length 17-20% of SL; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2-3 rows of subequal teeth; gill rakers of first gill arch 8-10 + 14-17; pyloric caeca 50-60; lateral body scales rough, with minute auxiliary scales (body scales ctenoid except for nape, back, thorax, abdomen and above anal-fin base with cycloid scales); lateral-line scales 58-65; lateral-line tubes of anterior scales branched in adults. Colour: head and body tan dorsally, shading to whitish ventrally; numerous small brownish orange or reddish brown spots on head, body, and median fins; body with 5 faint, irregular, oblique, dark bars which bifurcate ventrally (irregular H-shaped bars); back with 3-4 blackish saddles; orange spots become poorly defined and darker with growth (Ref. 39231, 90102).

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

Inhabit turbid coastal reefs (Ref. 9710) and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 27362) over mud and rubble (Ref. 6390). Solitary (Ref 90102). Juveniles are common in shallow waters of estuaries over sand, mud and gravel and among mangroves (Ref. 6390). Feed on small fishes, shrimps, and crabs. Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Females mature at 25 to 30 cm (2 to 3 years old), and sexual transition occurs at 55 to 75 cm (Ref. 39231). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Has been tested in several countries as a potential species for mariculture (Ref. 43448). Caught with hook-and-line, traps, trawls, and lift nets. Common and expensive in markets of the region; sold fresh and kept alive at restaurants in Asian countries (e.g. Hong Kong and Taiwan Province of China) (Ref. 39231).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Pelagic spawner (Ref. 32184).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; जलीयकृषि: व्यापारिक
FAO(Aquaculture systems: production, species profile; मात्स्यिकी: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

अधिक जानकारी

Trophic ecology
खाद्य पदार्थ
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
परभक्षी
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Anatomy
Gill areas
दिमाग
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
मत्स्य आवाज़े
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
आनुवंशिकी
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
जलीयकृषि रूपरेखाऐ
खींच
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
References
संदर्भ

साधन

Special reports

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.4 - 29.1, mean 28.1 (based on 2094 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.01029 - 0.01342), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref. 120179):  निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (K=0.17; tm=2-3; tmax=22; Fec=43,618).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.