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Himantura undulata (Bleeker, 1852)

Leopard whipray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Himantura undulata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Himantura undulata (Leopard whipray)
Himantura undulata
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Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Reported from Penghu (Ref. 55073).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tw.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Mould, B., 1994
National Database: The Fish Database of Taiwan

Common names from other countries

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Himantura: Greek, iman, imantos = thong, strap + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Bleeker.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas demersal.   Tropical; 30°N - 24°S

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Bay of Bengal to New Guinea, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia. Not occurring in the western Indian Ocean.

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm 87.5, range 85 - 90 cm
Max length : 410 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9840)

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

Demersal on soft substrate inshore (Ref.58048). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Size at birth about 20 cm WD and 92 cm TL (Ref. 90102). Caught occasionally in the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl and longline fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage (Ref.58048).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador : McEachran, John | Colaboradores

Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Ameaçada (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 06 May 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

  Venomous




Utilização humana

Pescarias: pouco comercial
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

Mais informação

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 25 - 29, mean 28.3 (based on 810 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00366 - 0.01891), b=3.10 (2.90 - 3.30), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Low.