Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin démersal; profondeur 50 - 500 m (Ref. 26999), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 26999). Subtropical; 45°N - 35°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Uruguay. Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola (Ref. 5512).
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm 10.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 7251); common length : 23.0 cm FL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 47377)
Épines dorsales (Total): 12; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 13-16; Épines anales 3; Rayons mous anaux: 15
Occurs chiefly on the continental shelf, mostly on muddy bottoms (Ref. 2683). Juveniles occur in surface waters. Feeds mainly on small crustaceans. Forms large schools (Ref. 36543). Adults are demersal or bathypelagic (Ref. 47377).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Oviparous, gonochorous, with pelagic eggs (Ref. 101194).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur
Plus d'informations
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 13 - 23.8, mean 19 (based on 119 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00917 - 0.02386), b=2.93 (2.79 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).