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Phanerodon vacca (Girard, 1855)

Pile perch
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Phanerodon vacca
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Canada country information

Common names: Dusky sea-perch, K'aay kuul kyaadsiid, Pile perch
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 1995
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Recorded from the Pacific coast (Ref. 6885). Also Ref. 4925, 91783, 95110. In range Ref. 2850.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.ncr.dfo.ca/home_e.htm
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Hart, J.L., 1973
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Ovalentaria/misc (Various families in series Ovalentaria) > Embiotocidae (Surfperches)
Etymology: Phanerodon: Greek, phaner, -eros = visible + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Girard.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade ? - 46 m (Ref. 2850).   Subtropical; 61°N - 28°N, 147°W - 113°W

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Wrangell, southeastern Alaska to Guadalupe Island, off north-central Baja California, Mexico.

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.2 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 27436)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 9 - 11; Raios dorsais (total) : 21 - 25; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 27 - 30; Vértebras: 33 - 38. Above, dark gray or brown pigment with a silvery luster which dominates the color on sides and belly; darker blotches on the back and sides, dark vertical bars on juveniles; fins dusky (Ref. 6885).

Biologia     Glossário (p.ex. epibenthic)

Adults occur in rocky shores, often around kelp, pilings and underwater structures (Ref. 2850). Feed on hard-shelled mollusks, crabs and barnacles (Ref. 2850). Viviparous, female carries the developing young (Ref. 205).

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Viviparous, female carries the developing young (Ref. 205).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

  Segura ou pouco preocupante (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

  Harmless




Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim; Aquário: Aquários públicos
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Fontes da internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.6 - 15.3, mean 10.3 (based on 62 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.00831 - 0.04372), b=2.97 (2.77 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.4   ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tm=2.5; tmax=10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.