Australia country information

Common names: Dusky garfish, Dusky sea garfish, Gardie
Occurrence: endemic
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Jones, G.K. and M. Kangas, 1987
Importance: commercial | Ref: Jones, G.K. and M. Kangas, 1987
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Commercial fishery: The largest fishery for southern sea garfish is in Gulf St. Vincent and Spencer Gulf (300-400 t a year from the gulfs), and around Kangaroo Island off South Australia (Ref. 27017). Other significant fisheries exist along the Victorian coast (mainly Port Phillip Bay, also Western Port and Corner Inlet) and Flinders Island and eastern Tasmania. There is a small fishery for southern sea garfish in the estuaries of south-western Australia. The garfish catch in Victorian waters consists of a mixture of southern sea garfish and river garfish, Hyporhamphus regularis. Southern sea garfish comprise most of the garfish catch from the more marine bays and inlets (eg Port Phillip Bay, where the average annual catch is around 82 t)(Ref. 26431), and river garfish are dominant in brackish inlets and estuaries (eg the Gippsland Lakes). In South Australia, southern sea garfish are caught between November and June in Spencer Gulf and between March and July in Gulf St. Vincent. There are large monthly fluctuations in catch rates (Ref. 27017). Most southern sea garfish catches in Port Phillip Bay are taken in late summer. Southern sea garfish are marketed fresh chilled, either whole or as butterfly fillets. They are also used as bait by recreational anglers; and small quantities are sold for 'sashimi' (raw fish) through the Sydney Fish Market. Recreational fishery: Southern sea garfish is a popular target fish for recreational anglers, especially during summer and early autumn (Ref. 27013). They are caught with handlines from shore, boats and jetties, with bait nets in Western Australia and Queensland and dab nets in South Australia. Southern sea garfish are the second most commonly angled fish after flathead (Platycephalidae) in Port Phillip Bay, especially over the summer months (Ref. 27018). Resource status: As of 1993, the status of sea garfish resources was unknown in most States. In South Australia, there was evidence that excessive effort in the winter fishery for southern sea garfish in Gulf St. Vincent had adversely affected the summer fishery. The effect of seagrass bed degradation throughout the species' ranges could affect the resource status, as it appears to have affected garfish numbers in parts of Port Phillip Bay. Also Ref. 2156, 7300.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

南澳下鱵鱼, Mustamelanokkakala, Western sea garfish, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Beloniformes (Needle fishes) > Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hyporhamphus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, rhamphos = beak, bill (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水; 深度上下限 0 - 20 m (Ref. 6390). 溫帶; 27°S - 44°S

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Eastern Indian Ocean: Endemic to Australian temperate waters (Murchison River, Kalbarri in Western Australia to Eden, New South Wales, including Tasmania).
東印度洋: 澳洲的溫帶水域的特有種.(Murchison 河, 在澳洲西部到伊甸園，新南威爾斯的卡爾巴瑞, 包括塔斯梅尼亞)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: L_m ?, range 25 - ? cm
Max length : 52.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 10988); 最大体重: 600.00 g (Ref. 6390); 最大年龄: 10 年 (Ref. 27011)

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 15-18; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 17 - 20; 脊椎骨: 55 - 61. Gill rakers usually 33 or less on the first arch and usually 26 or less on the second arch. Relatively shorter upper and lower jaw, especially at larger sizes.
鳃耙通常在第一个弓上的 33 以内与通常在第二个弓上的 26 以内。相当比较短的上颌与下颌, 尤其较大时。

Found inshore in surface waters of estuaries, bays, inlets and gulfs to a depth of about 20 m (Ref. 9563). In the South Australian gulfs, southern sea garfish may be found in deeper waters during the colder months (Ref. 27008). Generally herbivorous, seagrasses and algal filaments comprise about 75% of their food (Refs. 26551, 27013). Form schools, generally found near the surface at night and close to the bottom over seagrass beds during the day (Ref. 6390). Post-larvae or young fish less than 1-year-old live in estuaries from March to July then move to inshore marine waters, remaining there for up to 2 years (Ref. 27012).

在河口，海湾，小水湾与海湾到深度大约 20 公尺的水表面中发现于岸边了。 (参考文献 9563) 在南方中澳大利亚的海湾, 南方的海洋长嘴硬鳞鱼在比较寒冷的数个月期间可能被发现于较深的水域.(参考文献 27008) 通常食草的, 海草与海藻的丝状突起包含大约 75% 的他们的食物 (参考文献。 26551,27013). 形成鱼群, 通常发现晚上接近水表面处而且接近在海草床上的底部在白天期间.(参考文献 6390) 生活于河口从三月到七月的后期仔鱼或幼鱼少于 1 岁然后移动到被逗留在哪里超过 2 年的近海海洋。 (参考文献 27012)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Viviparous (Ref. 205).東印度洋: 澳洲的溫帶水域的特有種.(Murchison 河, 在澳洲西部到伊甸園，新南威爾斯的卡爾巴瑞, 包括塔斯梅尼亞)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Collette, Bruce B. | 合作者

Collette, B.B., 1974. The garfishes (Hemiramphidae) of Australia and New Zealand. Records of the Australian Museum 29(2):11-105. (Ref. 10988)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

不评价

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

无害处的

人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 诱饵: usually

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14.3 - 22.3, mean 17.6 (based on 324 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00115 - 0.00574), b=3.09 (2.91 - 3.27), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 2.7 ±0.27 se; based on food items.

回复力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.51-0.77; tm=2-3; tmax=10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).

价格分类 (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Hyporhamphus melanochir (Valenciennes, 1847)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Collette, Bruce B. | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

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网络资源

Estimates based on models

Hyporhamphus melanochir (Valenciennes, 1847)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性 字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Collette, Bruce B. | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)