Australia country information

Common names: Dusky garfish, Dusky sea garfish, Gardie
Occurrence: endemic
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Jones, G.K. and M. Kangas, 1987
Importance: commercial | Ref: Jones, G.K. and M. Kangas, 1987
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Commercial fishery: The largest fishery for southern sea garfish is in Gulf St. Vincent and Spencer Gulf (300-400 t a year from the gulfs), and around Kangaroo Island off South Australia (Ref. 27017). Other significant fisheries exist along the Victorian coast (mainly Port Phillip Bay, also Western Port and Corner Inlet) and Flinders Island and eastern Tasmania. There is a small fishery for southern sea garfish in the estuaries of south-western Australia. The garfish catch in Victorian waters consists of a mixture of southern sea garfish and river garfish, Hyporhamphus regularis. Southern sea garfish comprise most of the garfish catch from the more marine bays and inlets (eg Port Phillip Bay, where the average annual catch is around 82 t)(Ref. 26431), and river garfish are dominant in brackish inlets and estuaries (eg the Gippsland Lakes). In South Australia, southern sea garfish are caught between November and June in Spencer Gulf and between March and July in Gulf St. Vincent. There are large monthly fluctuations in catch rates (Ref. 27017). Most southern sea garfish catches in Port Phillip Bay are taken in late summer. Southern sea garfish are marketed fresh chilled, either whole or as butterfly fillets. They are also used as bait by recreational anglers; and small quantities are sold for 'sashimi' (raw fish) through the Sydney Fish Market. Recreational fishery: Southern sea garfish is a popular target fish for recreational anglers, especially during summer and early autumn (Ref. 27013). They are caught with handlines from shore, boats and jetties, with bait nets in Western Australia and Queensland and dab nets in South Australia. Southern sea garfish are the second most commonly angled fish after flathead (Platycephalidae) in Port Phillip Bay, especially over the summer months (Ref. 27018). Resource status: As of 1993, the status of sea garfish resources was unknown in most States. In South Australia, there was evidence that excessive effort in the winter fishery for southern sea garfish in Gulf St. Vincent had adversely affected the summer fishery. The effect of seagrass bed degradation throughout the species' ranges could affect the resource status, as it appears to have affected garfish numbers in parts of Port Phillip Bay. Also Ref. 2156, 7300.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

南澳下鱵鱼, Mustamelanokkakala, Western sea garfish, ... more

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Beloniformes (Needle fishes) 頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) > Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks) 鱵科 (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hyporhamphus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, rhamphos = beak, bill (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 0 - 20 m (Ref. 6390). 溫帶; 27°S - 44°S

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Eastern Indian Ocean: Endemic to Australian temperate waters (Murchison River, Kalbarri in Western Australia to Eden, New South Wales, including Tasmania).
東印度洋: 澳洲的溫帶水域的特有種.(Murchison 河, 在澳洲西部到伊甸園，新南威爾斯的卡爾巴瑞, 包括塔斯梅尼亞)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: L_m ?, range 25 - ? cm
Max length : 52.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 10988); 最大體重: 600.00 g (Ref. 6390); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 27011)

簡短描述型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 15-18; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 20; 脊椎骨: 55 - 61. Gill rakers usually 33 or less on the first arch and usually 26 or less on the second arch. Relatively shorter upper and lower jaw, especially at larger sizes.
鰓耙通常在第一個弓上的 33 以內與通常在第二個弓上的 26 以內。相當比較短的上頜與下頜, 尤其較大時。

Found inshore in surface waters of estuaries, bays, inlets and gulfs to a depth of about 20 m (Ref. 9563). In the South Australian gulfs, southern sea garfish may be found in deeper waters during the colder months (Ref. 27008). Generally herbivorous, seagrasses and algal filaments comprise about 75% of their food (Refs. 26551, 27013). Form schools, generally found near the surface at night and close to the bottom over seagrass beds during the day (Ref. 6390). Post-larvae or young fish less than 1-year-old live in estuaries from March to July then move to inshore marine waters, remaining there for up to 2 years (Ref. 27012).

在河口，海灣，小水灣與海灣到深度大約 20 公尺的水表面中發現於岸邊了。 (參考文獻 9563) 在南方中澳洲的海灣, 南方的海洋長嘴硬鱗魚在比較寒冷的數個月期間可能被發現於較深的水域.(參考文獻 27008) 通常食草的, 海草與海藻的絲狀突起包含大約 75% 的他們的食物 (參考文獻。 26551,27013). 形成魚群, 通常發現晚上接近水表面處而且接近在海草床上的底部在白天期間.(參考文獻 6390) 生活於河口從三月到七月的後期仔魚或幼魚少於 1 歲然後移動到被逗留在那裡超過 2 年的近海海洋。 (參考文獻 27012)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

Viviparous (Ref. 205).東印度洋: 澳洲的溫帶水域的特有種.(Murchison 河, 在澳洲西部到伊甸園，新南威爾斯的卡爾巴瑞, 包括塔斯梅尼亞)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Collette, Bruce B. | 合作者

Collette, B.B., 1974. The garfishes (Hemiramphidae) of Australia and New Zealand. Records of the Australian Museum 29(2):11-105. (Ref. 10988)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

未評估

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

無害處的

人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 誘餌: usually

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14.3 - 22.3, mean 17.6 (based on 324 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00115 - 0.00574), b=3.09 (2.91 - 3.27), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

營養階層 (Ref. 69278): 2.7 ±0.27 se; based on food items.

回復力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.51-0.77; tm=2-3; tmax=10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).

價格種類 (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Hyporhamphus melanochir (Valenciennes, 1847)

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

簡短描述型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

生物學特性字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Collette, Bruce B. | 合作者

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

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人類使用

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網路資源

Estimates based on models

Hyporhamphus melanochir (Valenciennes, 1847)

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

生物學特性 字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Collette, Bruce B. | 合作者

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

對人類具威脅

人類使用

更多資訊

工具

特別的報告

下載 XML

網路資源

Estimates based on models

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

簡短描述型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

生物學特性字彙 (例如 epibenthic)